Upgrading my weather station

Old WS1090 station
NEW Ambient WS1400 station
In 2010 I was considering installing a small 1 kW wind turbine on the roof of my workshop.  In order to evaluate the site to see if I had sufficient wind, I installed an inexpensive weather station for under $100 (now obsolete).  I upgraded it by adding a server that would send my weather data directly to the Weather Underground.  I also hacked on a small solar panel so I did not need to replace the batteries. The station transmits data wirelessly to a receiver in my office.  I could now access logs of all of my weather data on the web and see it in graphical form like this:
1 year of temperature and wind speed data
After one year I learned that my site was not appropriate for wind power, more about this on this page of my site.  I deliberately installed this weather station 10 feet above the ridge line of my two-story workshop which would be an ideal location both for the weather station and for potential wind turbine in the future.  Weather stations, like wind turbines need to be installed where they are least affected by wind shade.

The original weather station served its purpose and I learned quite a bit about our local weather conditions while also being a responsible source for local weather information for Weather Underground.  Eventually the rain gauge in that weather station failed and I decided to upgrade to a new weather station that incorporates solar power and a simple easy to install web server:
 Weather server

Ambient Weather WS-1400-IP

The big climb
Removing old weather station
It was scary to climb up onto the top of the roof, and take down the pole that holds up the weather station.  My wife, Rebekah was my spotter and photographer for this process.   The 10 foot guyed TV mast is split into two 5 foot lengths so that I can remove the upper section in order to service the weather station.

 
New instrument installed
I expect this new better designed weather station to provide many years of service.  In addition to all the usual weather statistics, this unit also reports solar radiation in watts per square meter, and a UV index all of which can be viewed in chart or table format by day/week/month etc.  Here is a link to my Weather Underground webpage which also includes a web cam view of my property.   To see live real-time weather conditions click this link for my "rapidfire" page.  



And finally here is a live feed from my weather station:

Fornybar energi på flyttefot


I den siste tiden har det dukket opp lite oppløftende fornybar energi-nyheter som "Fred Olsen Renewables ditches 415MW Forth Array in Scotland” og ”Spanish solar sector slams 45% cut in PV tariffs”.
Selv om fornybarmarkedet har fått noen enkelte tilbakeslag i Europa i det siste er det ikke på vei ned, det er bare på flyttefot. For samtidig har man kunnet lese overskrifter som “South Korea achieves record solar-related sales in 2020”, "Nordex gets 45MW Turkey wind turbine order”, ”South Korea confirms massive offshore wind plan” og "Vestas gets 77.4MW Argentina wind turbine order”.
Markedet for fornybar energi har lenge vært drevet av subsidieordninger i store land som Tyskland og Spania, som nå har varslet kutt i subsidiene. Samtidig har antall land med politiske målsetninger for fornybar energi økt kraftig de siste årene, fra 45 i 2005 til 85 i 2020, hvorav 83 av disse har en form for subsidieordning for fornybar energi.
Ettersom prisene på fornybar energi synker og knappheten på fossile ressurser blir mer åpenbar, øker antall land som ser mulighetene i fornybar energi og sikker energitilførsel.


Why I love paying my electric utility bill

I installed the first part of my solar power system in the fall of 2009 and immediately my power bills dropped considerably. 

The chart below shows the energy flows for my property over the last several years:
Take a moment to study this chart and look at how everything interacts.  The yellow line shows how much surplus energy I export back into the grid on a monthly basis from the solar array.  Clearly, in the summer I am exporting a lot more and this more than offsets my net energy for the month.  Whenever the green net energy line goes below zero, that is when I have a credit.

This chart shows my actual bottom line monthly electric bill:
Over the years I have scaled up my solar power system and now my electric bills flatline in the summer, bottoming out to the minimum connection fee.  This year I had a surplus  from May through October and the utility gave me a credit that carried forward until it was used up.  This electric bill covers both my house, workshop, and the electricity used to charge my Chevy Volt.  So, not only am I not paying for utility energy for months at a time, I am also driving up to 37 miles a day for free on solar power.

During the summer months the energy I am exporting into the grid reduces the load on the power lines feeding my immediate neighborhood.  As neighborhoods grow, the utility often needs to upgrade the infrastructure in order to deliver power to outlying areas.  If new housing developments were all to incorporate solar roofs on their houses, this would reduce the cost of deploying and maintaining power lines to those areas.  You would think that utility companies would appreciate this benefit, but in reality they are pushing back against it because of the lost revenue.  Some utilities are even trying to punish customers with solar power with a surcharge to cover maintenance costs on their power lines.  

My solar power system, like most systems installed in the last 5 to 6 years is utility inter-tied.  This means that there is no battery bank and surplus energy is returned to the grid rather than being stored in batteries.  However, battery technology is now reaching the point where it is beginning to become relatively affordable to pull the plug on the utility altogether and simply store that surplus energy in a battery for use overnight and on cloudy days etc.  This is referred to as "grid defection".  Renewable energy pundits are suggesting that entire communities could pull the plug in the future and that utility companies will need to figure out a new business model.

The population time bomb

I was a teenager in the 1970s and I had a poster from a lithograph (shown above) on my wall that was simply titled: "Overpopulation".  It was painted by John Pitre in 1973 and I remember spending hours looking at all the details of the thousands of nude or partly clothed humans in the ruins of this painting.  It is evocative of the third panel in Hieronymus Bosch's tryptych: "The Garden of Earthly Delights".  It presents a very dystopian view of the future of humanity and it affected my world view profoundly.


Population growth

In the 1970s the ecology movement was just getting started by the post-hippies and part of the dialogue centered around population growth and a concern for an unsustainable amount of people living on the planet.  What continues to surprise me is how rarely we talk about overpopulation in the context of Climate Change now.
The chart above dates from June 2010 and estimates that we will have more than 9 billion people on the planet by 2050.  There are various estimates as to how many people become unsustainable, and some say we have already passed that point.  What many of the estimates don't take into account is the potential crash of agriculture as a result of climate change.  This would make even our current population completely unsustainable.
Looking at the world population chart over the last two centuries, we see the classic hockey stick chart that evokes a similar chart representing CO2 in parts per million.  It's no accident that the two charts coincide.  Between 1999 and 2011, global population increased by a billion people.  Most of this population increase was in developing nations where individual carbon footprint is somewhat lower.  While population growth is likely to taper off eventually, we may already have crossed the tipping point.

Extinction versus population

http://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/earth-s-sixth-mass-extinction-has-begun-new-study-confirms/
Every twenty minutes, the human population grows by over 3000. That’s the same amount of time that it takes for another plant or animal species to become entirely extinct.  Yes, the sixth extinction has already begun!  From pollinating our crops, to purifying our water, providing fish to eat or fiber to weave, we are dependent on biodiveristy. Ecosystems can only continue to provide things for us if they continue to function in a harmonious balance.


Carrying Capacity

A 2020 study by the World Wildlife Fund found that the global human population exceeds the planet's biocapacity, and that it would take the equivalent of 1.5 Earths of biocapacity to meet our current demands.  So it comes down to a balance of population versus consumption, or more aptly put, over-consumption.  Studies would seem to indicate that the maximum carrying capacity for humanity is around 7.7 billion people, and as of this writing we are at 7.4 billion people.  But it's not just the birth rate that contributes to the issue, it's increased life expectancy.  People are living an average of 35 more years than they were 100 years ago.  So in essence we have already crossed the tipping point - or we will very shortly.  Here is a web page that tracks population and a lot of other relevant statistics: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/.

Finite resources

By continuing to use up finite resources, extract and burn fossil fuels, and destroy wildlife habitat, we are moving inexorably towards a potential extinction for humanity.  
English economist Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) proposed that the world rate of population growth was exceeding the development of food supplies.  Malthus proposed that human population was growing exponentially, while food production was growing linearly.  Children born now will be growing up in a vastly changed world in which food scarcity is likely to become a significant issue as they become adults.  It is inevitable that wars will be fought over resources such as freshwater, arid land, and even dry land as the ocean levels rise.

There is a Chinese curse: "May you live in interesting times".  There is no question in my mind that there are interesting times ahead.   The real question is what can we do about it now to create a survivable scenario for humanity.  I'm doing what I can, but it often feels like I'm swimming alongside the Titanic trying to push it away from the iceberg.

Sustainable Christmas gift giving

At this time of year I look around at everyone acting like sheep and doing what everybody else does, buying Christmas gifts.  This only endorses the unsustainable commercial farce that the celebration of the birth of Jesus has become.  This is such a tragic indictment of the way that religion and capitalism have co-opted and corrupted the message.  I am not Christian but I am quite certain that Jesus of Nazareth would be utterly horrified by what the celebration of his birth has become.  With this in mind I would like to offer some suggestions for sustainable Christmas gifts, gifts from the heart with little or no carbon impact.

Handmade Christmas card.
Make your own Christmas card by hand or with the help of a computer and express your gratitude for the recipient's place in your life.

Entertainment gift.
Buy a ticket for a performance: music, movie, theater, poetry reading, performance art etc.  Or perhaps for a sporting event for the recipients favorite team.


E-book.
If your recipient has a book reader and you know enough about their reading taste perhaps you can find an e-book that they would enjoy.   Resort to a paper book or print magazine only if you must.


Food.
Offer to cook a meal for your intended recipient at some future scheduled date, or take them out to a restaurant that endorses local and sustainable foods.  If you are someone who likes to make jams or jellies or other food that keeps, then give a gift from your garden.


Lend a hand.
Give the gift of your time and offer to help fix your gift recipient's home or vehicle or teach them how to do it themselves.  Share your skills or experiences in a meaningful way.


Handmade gift.
Traditional handmade gifts include knitted items such as mittens, socks and sweaters.  Be creative and think of the things that you can make that other people would value and enjoy.  Write a poem, sing a song or any other form of creative expression that is meaningful to you or to your recipient.

These are just a few thoughts that come to mind, if you have other suggestions please offer them up in the comment section below. 


Elbil i en komfortkultur?

Av Lina H. Ingeborgrud, masterstudent ved Institutt for tverrfaglige kulturstudier, med spesialisering i studier av kunnskap, teknologi og samfunn, NTNU

Å kjøre Nissan Leaf er ingen veldedighetsaktivitet

Norge har i dag flest elbiler per innbygger og høyest andel elbiler av nybilsalget i verden (Figenbaum, Kolbenstvedt, 2020). Jeg skriver masteroppgave i samarbeid med Transnova/Statens Vegvesen med problemstillingen Elbil i en komfortkultur? Sluttbrukeren står i fokus, og her undersøker jeg om og hvordan elbilen oppleves som komfortabel med tanke på våre mobilitetsbehov og krav. Komfort står her i et slags motsetningsforhold til å velge miljø, men høyt forbruk er ikke nødvendigvis det samme som komfort. Komfort er både fysisk og emosjonell velstand, og den emosjonelle komforten synes å være viktig når vi utfører såkalte riktige handlinger – handlinger vi opplever er av betydning for andre enn oss selv.


Bilen – en naturlig del av familien?

Mine informanter legger ikke skylden på politikerne i spørsmål om bil og forurensning, men anklager i større grad seg selv, og alt de burde gjort eller ikke gjort. De forsvarer kjøringen med at det er nødvendig i denne fasen, med denne økonomien eller lignende. Det er særlig viktig å ha bil når man har barn, og bilen betraktes som en nødvendighet for å få familien til å gå rundt. Bilen synes å ha blitt naturlig i hverdagen, men denne naturligheten viser seg å bli mer åpen for forhandling. Det er mulig å se for seg en hverdag uten bil, men helst i en annen livssituasjon. Når bilkjøring stadig er utsatt for debatt, tyder dette på at praksisen ikke er «lukket», det vil si at det ikke er enighet om at problemene knyttet til teknologien er løst (Bijker og Pinch, 1984:6). Bilkomfort er altså ikke en stabil størrelse. Bilen er både venn og fiende. Bilen som en praktisk nødvendighet er fremdeles stabilisert i vår komfortkultur. Allikevel er de symbolske og kognitive aspektene ved bilkjøringen truet, gjennom dårlig samvittighet for miljøet og familiens helse.


Elbilen – en god nummer 1?

Regjeringen har forpliktet seg til å ta klimatrusselen på alvor, og bruker ulike insentiver for å stimulere til økt elbilbruk. Blant annet får elbilen avgiftsfritak, gratis parkering og bom, og tilgang i kollektivfeltet. Selv om insentivene gjør elbil til et reelt alternativ for flere, viser det seg at elbilens kulturelle og sosiale sider er av større betydning enn det økonomiske regnestykket. Elbilkjøring er ikke en isolert aktivitet, men en sammensatt handling, som i stor grad synes å være knyttet til informantenes miljøsamvittighet og selvbilde. Dette trenger ikke bety at elbilkjøring går på bekostning av deres bilkomfort – heller tvert imot. Flere av elbilistene mener de har fått en bedre bil med elbilen. De elbilistene jeg har intervjuet med nyere type elbil (Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEV) opplever elbilen som en trygg, ordentlig og teknisk velutrustet bil, som er effektiv og morsom å kjøre. De omtaler den dessuten som rask, sterk, økonomisk og miljøvennlig. Elbilistene forklarer at de opplever ladingen, da særlig normallading over natta hjemme, som enklere enn å fylle bensin. Elbilen oppleves som mer komfortabel enn bensinbilen blant elbilbrukerne.

Den nye miljøkomforten

Norge har blitt beskrevet som et komfortsamfunn – en kultur med stadig større forventninger om komfort (Sørensen, 2007:20). Bilen gjør det enklere å planlegge en travel hverdag, og den gir frihet og forutsigbarhet. Allikevel opplever flere av de bensinbilistene jeg har intervjuet at det er ukomfortabelt, eller rett og slett uetisk, å være for opptatt av bil og kjøre mye unødvendig. De forklarer at de egentlig ikke er så opptatt av bil, men at det er svært praktisk. Å bidra til en mindre forurensende bilkultur synes å være en form for miljøkomfort, og dette gir bedre samvittighet. For elbilistene virker det derimot mer legitimt å være opptatt av bil, både med tanke på utseende og teknisk utrustning. Valg av kjøreteknologi er knyttet til følelser og etikk, og noen av informantene forklarer at de ville følt seg som bedre mennesker dersom de hadde brukt elbil. De setter sine egne handlinger inn i et langtidsperspektiv, som påvirker kommende generasjoners livsbetingelser.
Privatbilismen forårsaker store CO2- utslipp, og det kan virke som om de komfortable bilvanene er truet av en stadig økende klimatrussel. Allikevel ser det ut til at bilen nærmest har blitt uvurderlig i hverdagslivet. Et økende press om mer miljøvennlig kjøring åpner debatten – det blir en debatt om meningen med selve kjøringen. Flere av mine informanter, og særlig kvinnene, opplever dårlig samvittighet for å kjøre, og det er særlig korte turer som føles unødvendige. Dette synes ikke å redusere kjøringen, men samvittigheten får derimot gjennomgå. Kunnskapsnivået om klimaendringene er høyt i Norge, men det er kombinasjonen mellom tanke og handling som er utfordringen for informantene. Næss og Ryghaug (2007:81) forklarer at det er etterspørsel etter mer handlingsrelevant kunnskap. Folk ønsker å bidra, men er usikre på hva som er riktig å gjøre.

Referanser

Bijker og Pinch (1984) i Bijker, Hughes og Pinch, red. (2020) The social construction of technological systems. New directions in the sociology and history of technology
MIT press. 2ndedition
Figenbaum, E. Og Kolbenstvedt, M.  (2020) Elektromobilitet i Norge – erfaringer og muligheter med elkjøretøy, Transportøkonomisk institutt: Oslo, (Link: https://www.toi.no/publikasjoner/elektromobilitet-i-norge-erfaringer-og-muligheter-med-elkjoeretoey-article32020-8.html lastet ned 12.11.2020)
Næss R. og Ryghaug M. (2007) i Aune og Sørensen red. (2007) Mellom klima og komfort - Utfordringer for en bærekraftig energiutvikling, Trondheim: Tapir akademisk forlag

Climate Change and the Carbon Bubble

http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/03/on-unburnable-carbon-and-the-specter-of-a-carbon-bubble/
Image links to Andrew C. Revkin's article for the NYT from May3, 2013
Readers of my blog and website understand that I am deeply concerned about climate change and its impacts on the future of humanity.  I have been struggling with a good way to frame all of this into the larger context of geopolitics when I came across this excellent article:

Trump, Putin and the Pipelines to Nowhere

You can’t understand what Trump’s doing to America without understanding the “Carbon Bubble”

I strongly encourage you to take a few minutes to sit down and read this article because it lays out the big picture very clearly.  For instance, here is what he has to say about the carbon bubble:

"This means we must limit the total amount of CO2 and other greenhouse pollution we put into the sky: we have to meet a “carbon budget.” To do meet that budget, we have to radically cut greenhouse gas emissions — burning way less oil, coal and gas — in the next two decades, and set the global economy on a steep path to zero emissions.

If we can’t burn oil, it’s not worth very much. If we can’t defend coastal real estate from rising seas (or even insure it, for that matter), it’s not worth very much. If the industrial process a company owns exposes them to future climate litigation, it’s not worth very much. The value of those assets is going to plummet, inevitably… and likely, soon."

From my perspective, if Trump's oil oligarchy cabinet of horrors fails to slow our use of fossil fuel, he will be directly responsible for more Climate Change related deaths than Hitler or any other major world war.